Cholesterol Disorders

Cholesterol is produced by the body. It is used to produce of certain hormones and is a structural component of cell membranes. 

Cholesterol is also found in many foods. Blood levels are affected by genetic factors, age, sex and lifestyle factors, especially diet.

Cholesterol and triglycerides are carried in the bloodstream by particles called lipoproteins. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL, sometimes called “bad” cholesterol) carry most of the cholesterol in the blood. Too much LDL can lead to a buildup of cholesterol-rich plaques in the walls of your arteries, a process called atherosclerosis. This buildup of plaque causes your arteries to narrow which makes it harder for blood to flow through them. High blood levels of triglycerides also contribute to an increase in heart disease risk. 

Another type of lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL, or “good” cholesterol), carries cholesterol from other parts of the body to the liver, where it is broken down and eliminated. Low levels of HDL are associated with greater risk for heart disease.

Narrowing of the arteries of the heart leads to coronary artery disease, angina, and heart attack. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular diseases and carotid artery disease. CVD begins with excess cholesterol being deposited in artery walls (atherosclerosis) which leads to inflammation and reduced blood flow. This can cause angina and pain in the legs and arms (claudication). Similarly, atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries (which lead to the brain) can lead to stroke. When a cholesterol-rich plaque ruptures, the most serious consequences include heart attack and stroke.